Japanese Conjugation Practice
Master verb and adjective conjugation for JLPT N5 through N1. Type in romaji, get instant kana conversion and feedback.
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How Japanese Conjugation Works
Godan vs Ichidan Verbs
Japanese verbs fall into two main groups. Ichidan (one-step) verbs always end in -る and conjugate by simply dropping る and adding the suffix. For example: 食べる (taberu) → 食べます (tabemasu).
Godan (five-step) verbs can end in any of 9 kana (う, く, ぐ, す, つ, ぬ, ぶ, む, る) and change their final consonant depending on the form. For example: 書く (kaku) → 書きます (kakimasu), where く changes to き.
Te-form Rules
The te-form is one of the most important conjugations. For ichidan verbs, drop る and add て. For godan verbs, the ending changes based on the final kana:
- う, つ, る → って (買う → 買って)
- ぬ, ぶ, む → んで (飲む → 飲んで)
- く → いて (書く → 書いて)
- ぐ → いで (泳ぐ → 泳いで)
- す → して (話す → 話して)
Exception: 行く (iku) → 行って (itte), not 行いて.
I-Adjective Conjugation
I-adjectives end in い and conjugate by replacing い with the appropriate suffix:
- Negative: い → くない (高い → 高くない)
- Past: い → かった (高い → 高かった)
- Te-form: い → くて (高い → 高くて)
- Adverbial: い → く (高い → 高く)
Exception: いい (good) uses よ- as its stem: よくない, よかった.
Na-Adjective Conjugation
Na-adjectives conjugate by adding suffixes to the stem: だ (present), じゃない (negative), だった (past), じゃなかった (past negative), で (te-form), に (adverbial). For example: 静か (shizuka) → 静かだ, 静かじゃない, 静かだった.
Irregular Verbs
Japanese has only two truly irregular verbs: する (suru, to do) and くる (kuru, to come). する compounds (勉強する, 料理する) all follow the same pattern. Additionally, 行く (iku, to go) has an irregular te-form: 行って instead of the expected 行いて.
More Study Resources
Dictionary data from JMdict — copyright the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
JLPT vocabulary lists by Jonathan Waller (tanos.co.uk).